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1.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1536594

RESUMO

Introduction: Globally, mental health problems have affected nearly 1 billion people and approximately 1 in 10 Mexicans. The detection and surveillance of depression, anxiety, and stress in Mexico requires more reliable and valid instruments. Objective: To determine the factor validity and internal consistency of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 items (DASS-21) in a non-probabilistic national sample of Mexican adults. Method: Cross-sectional study by means of an online survey of 1 613 Mexican adults aged 18 years and older. The Spanish version of the DASS-21 was used, which evaluates the presence of depressive symptoms, anxiety, and stress. Factor validity was determined by comparing different confirmatory factor analysis models: one-dimensional, three factors (correlated and non-correlated), second order, and bifactor. Results: The application of the bifactor model to the DASS 21, supports its validity for identifying the presence of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, as well as an altered general emotional state in a sample of Mexican adults. Conclusions: The DASS-21 is a theoretically robust instrument useful for research and clinical practice.


Introducción: A nivel global los problemas de salud mental han alcanzado a cerca de 1 billón de personas y aproximadamente a uno de cada diez mexicanos. La detección y vigilancia de depresión, ansiedad y estrés en México demandan instrumentos más confiables y válidos. Objetivo: Determinar la validez factorial y consistencia interna de la Escala de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés (DASS-21) en una muestra nacional no probabilística de adultos mexicanos. Método: Estudio transversal por medio de una encuesta en línea entre 1 613 adultos me-xicanos de 18 años o más. Se utilizó la versión en español del DASS-21 que evalúa la presencia de síntomas depresivos, ansiedad y estrés. La validez factorial se determinó mediante la comparación de distintos modelos del análisis factorial confirmatorio: unidimensional; tres factores (correlacionados y no), de segundo orden, y bifactor. Resultados: La aplicación del modelo bifactor al DASS-21 sustenta su validez para identificar la presencia de síntomas de depresión, ansiedad y estrés, así como de un estado general emocional alterado en una muestra de adultos mexicanos. Conclusiones: El DASS-21 es un instrumento teóricamente robusto útil para la investigación y la práctica clínica.

2.
Salud pública Méx ; 63(3): 382-393, may.-jul. 2021. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1432258

RESUMO

Abstract Objective: To evaluate vitamin D status and deficiency in Mexican children and related factors, with updated data from a representative national survey. Materials and methods: Data and serum samples of child participants were collected in the Ensanut 2018-19. The measurement 25-(OH)-D was obtained through chemiluminescence. Height and weight, as well as dietary information, were measured using a semi-quan- titative food frequency questionnaire and sociodemographic information. Results: Data of 4 691 children aged 1-11 years were analyzed. Vitamin D deficiency (25-OH-D70% of vitamin D intake. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency is important in Mexican children. Actions and programs to fight this deficiency are required.


Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar el estado y la deficiencia de vitamina D en niños mexicanos, así como los factores relacionados, con datos actualizados de una encuesta nacional representativa. Material y métodos: Los datos y muestras de suero de niños participantes se recolectaron en la Ensanut 2018-19. La medición de 25- (OH)- D se realizó mediante quimiolu- miniscencia. Se obtuvo estatura, peso e información dietética a través de un cuestionario semicuantitativo de frecuencia alimentaria e información sociodemográfica. Resultados: Se analizaron datos de 4 691 niños entre 1 y 11 años. Se observó deficiencia de vitamina D (25-OH-D 70% de la ingesta. Conclusiones: La deficiencia de vitamina D es considerable en los niños mexicanos. Se requieren acciones y programas para combatirla.

3.
Salud pública Méx ; 63(3): 394-400, may.-jul. 2021. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1432259

RESUMO

Abstract Objective: To describe the prevalence of deficiency (VDD) and insufficiency (VDI) of vitamin D (VD), by sociodemographic factors, obesity and physical activity in a probabilistic sample of Mexican women participating in Ensanut 2018-19. Materials and methods: In 1 262 women aged 20 to 49 years, the prevalence of VDD/IVD was estimated and the factors associated with it were evaluated with a multinomial regression model. Results: The prevalence of VDI was 46.1% and of VDD was 31.6%. The probability of presenting VDI and VDD was higher for residents of urban areas, in tertiles 2 and 3 of socioeconomic status, and with obesity, while was lower in women with moderate physical activity. Conclusión: The prevalence of vitamin D in Mexican women continues to be a public health problem in Mexico despite the high availability of sunlight in the country. It is necessary to promote healthy sun exposure in the population and consider fortifying foods with vitamin D.


Resumen Objetivo: Describir la prevalencia de deficiencia (VDD) e insuficiencia (VDI) de vitamina D (VD) por factores sociodemográficos, obesidad y actividad física, en una muestra probabilística de mujeres mexicanas participantes de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2018-19. Material y métodos: En 1 262 mujeres se estimó la prevalencia de VDD y VDI y se evaluaron los factores asociados con ellas con un modelo de regresión multinomial. Resultados: La prevalencia de VDI fue de 46.1% y de VDD fue 31.6%. La probabilidad de presentar VDI y VDD fue mayor en residentes de áreas urbanas, en terciles más altos de nivel socioeconómico y con obesidad, mientras que fue menor en mujeres con actividad física moderada. Conclusión: La prevalencia de VDI y VDD en mujeres mexicanas continúa siendo un problema de salud pública en México a pesar de la alta disponibilidad de luz solar en el país. Es necesario fomentar en la población una saludable exposición solar y considerar la fortificación de alimentos con vitamina D.

4.
Salud pública Méx ; 63(2): 232-241, 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1432232

RESUMO

Resumen: Objetivo: Describir la evidencia disponible sobre la transmisión por Covid-19 e infecciones respiratorias agudas similares al Covid-19 en espacios públicos abiertos. Material y métodos: La búsqueda incluyó 4 926 artículos en inglés de los años 2000 a 2020. Seis investigadores revisaron el título y el resumen de los artículos de Embase y PubMed; dos investigadores revisaron los de medRxiv. Todos los investigadores revisaron textos completos y otros resolvieron las discrepancias. Resultados: De los 21 artículos seleccionados, se observó que la presencia de virus en superficies públicas, aguas residuales y áreas exteriores no fue indicativa de transmisión. No obstante, se observó que el uso de cubrebocas, el lavado de manos, el distanciamiento social, no asistir a eventos masivos y la movilidad individual a espacios públicos podría ayudar a reducir el riesgo de transmisión. Conclusión: Esta información podría coadyuvar a generar recomendaciones en salud pública, sin embargo, es recomendable actualizar esta revisión conforme avance la evidencia científica.


Abstract: Objective: To describe the available evidence on the transmission of Covid-19 or similar acute respiratory infections in open, public spaces. Materials and methods: Our search included 4 926 articles in English from 2000 to 2020. Six researchers reviewed the title and abstracts from Embase and PubMed databases, and two researchers reviewed medRxiv database. All reviewed full texts and others resolved the discrepancies. Results: A total of 21 articles were selected. The presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on public surfaces, sewage, and outdoor areas was not indicative of transmission. Nevertheless, we observed that applying preventive measures such as the use of face masks, hand washing, social distancing, restricting attendance to massive events, and reducing people's mobility to public spaces may reduce the risk of transmission. Conclusions: This information could help to generate public health recommendations. However, we advise updating this review as new evidence is generated.

5.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1289977

RESUMO

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between dietary patterns, stunting, and overweight among Mexican preschoolers. METHODS This study was conducted with anthropometric (weight, height/length), sociodemographic (age, gender, education level of household head, socioeconomic status, country region and area, ethnicity, and beneficiary of social programs), and dietary data (Semiquantitative-food frequency questionnaire) on children aged from 1 to 4 years collected from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey-2012. Dietary patterns were derived by principal components analysis. The association between dietary patterns, stunting, and overweight was assessed by prevalence ratios (PR), estimated by Poisson regression. RESULTS In total, 1,112 preschoolers (mean age 3.06 years, SD = 1.08 years; 48.8% females) were included in the study; 11.9% of whom presented stunting, and 6.7% overweight. We identified four dietary patterns: Fruits and Vegetables [F&V], Western [W], Traditional [T], and Milk and Liquids [M&L]. Considering the lowest tertile of each dietary pattern as reference, the prevalence of stunting was 2.04 times higher [95%CI: 1.17-3.56] among children in the highest tertile of the "F&V" pattern. The prevalence of stunting was lower among children in the highest tertile of the "W" pattern [PR = 0.48; 95%CI: 0.27-0.85]. Overweight was negatively associated with the "F&V" dietary pattern [PR = 0.37; 95%CI: 0.16-0.85 for its highest tertile], and children whose consumption was mostly equivalent to the "T" pattern showed higher prevalence of stunting [PR = 1.74; 95%CI: 1.01-3.00]. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of stunting and overweight in a nationwide sample of Mexican preschoolers was associated with dietary patterns.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Criança , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Transtornos do Crescimento/etiologia , Transtornos do Crescimento/epidemiologia , Brasil , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Prevalência , Estudos Transversais , Dieta
6.
Salud pública Méx ; 59(5): 518-525, Sep.-Oct. 2017. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-903808

RESUMO

Abstract: Objective: To describe the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and insufficiency (VDI), and the main dietary sources of vitamin D (VD) in a probabilistic sample of Mexican women at reproductive age participating in Ensanut 2012, stratified by sociodemographic factors and body mass index (BMI) categories. Materials and methods: Serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin-D(25-OH-D) were determined using an ELISA technique in 4162 women participants of Ensanut 2012 and classified as VDD, VDI or optimal VD status. Sociodemographic, anthropometric and dietary data were also collected. The association between VDD/VDI and sociodemographic and anthropometry factors was assessed adjusting for potential confounders through an estimation of a multinomial logistic regression model. Results: The prevalence of VDD was 36.8%, and that of VDI was 49.8%. The mean dietary intake of VD was 2.56 μg/d. The relative risk ratio (RRR) of VDD or VDI was calculated by a multinomial logistic regression model in 4162 women. The RRR of VDD or VDI were significantly higher in women with overweight (RRR: 1.85 and 1.44, p<0.05), obesity (RRR: 2.94 and 1.93, p<0.001), urban dwelling (RRR:1.68 and 1.31, p<0.06), belonging to the 3rd tertile of income (RRR: 5.32 and 2.22, p<0.001), or of indigenous ethnicity (RRR: 2.86 and 1.70, p<0.05), respectively. Conclusion: The high prevalence of VDD/VDI in Mexican women calls for stronger actions from the health authorities, strengthtening the actual policy of food supplementation and recommending a reasonable amount of sun exposure.


Resumen: Objetivo: Describir la prevalencia de deficiencia (DVD) e insuficiencia (IVD) de vitamina D (VD), y las principales fuentes dietéticas de VD en una muestra probabilística de mujeres mexicanas en edad reproductiva participantes de la Ensanut 2012, estratificando por factores sociodemográficos y categorías de IMC. Material y métodos: Las concentraciones séricas de 25-hidroxivitamina-D (25-OH-D) se midieron utilizando la técnica ELISA en 4162 mujeres participantes de la Ensanut 2012, que fueron clasificadas con DVD, IVD u óptimos niveles de VD. Se recolectaron datos sociodemográficos, antropometría y dieta, y se evaluó su asociación con DVD/IVD por medio de un modelo de regresión logística multinomial. Resultados: 36.8% de las mujeres presentaron DVD y 49.8% IVD. La media de ingesta de VD fue 2.56 μg/d. La probabilidad de presentar DVD o IVD fue mayor en las mujeres con sobrepeso (RRR: 1.85 y 1.44, p<0.05), obesidad (RRR: 2.94 y 1.93, p<0.001), residentes del área urbana (RRR: 1.68 y 1.31, p<0.06), del tercil 3 de nivel socioeconómico (RRR: 5.32 y 2.22, p<0.001) o indígenas (RRR: 2.86 y 1.70, p<0.05) respectivamente. Conclusiones: La alta prevalencia de DVD/IVD en mujeres mexicanas es un llamado a las autoridades de salud para implementar una política de suplementación de alimentos más fuerte y hacer recomendaciones para una razonable exposición al sol.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Índice de Massa Corporal , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Vitamina D/sangue , Deficiência de Vitamina D/epidemiologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Etnicidade , Comorbidade , Estudos Transversais , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , México/epidemiologia , Obesidade/epidemiologia
7.
Salud pública Méx ; 57(5): 394-402, sep.-oct. 2015. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-764720

RESUMO

Objective. To describe de prevalence of iron deficiency (ID) and anemia in a sample of Mexican elderly population from the National Health and Nutrition Survey (Ensanut) 2012. Materials and methods. 1 920 subjects ≥60 years of age were included. Hemoglobin, serum concentrations of ferritin and CRP were measured. The risk for ID and anemia adjusted for potential confounders was assessed in logistic regression models. Results. The overall prevalence of anemia was 13.9%, 15.2% in males and 12.8% females. For ID, overall it was 4.2%, males 4.0% and females 4.3%. The greatest prevalence of ID was found in males and females over 80 years old (6.9 and 7.0%, respectively). ID was present in 1.5 of 10 Mexican elders with anemia. Conclusion. The prevalence of anemia was high in the elderly, however the prevalence of ID was low; there is a need to further investigate the causes of anemia in this age group.


Objetivo. Describir la prevalencia de deficiencia de hierro (DH) y anemia en adultos mayores (AM) mexicanos participantes de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2012. Material y métodos. 1 920 sujetos ≥60 años fueron incluidos. Se midió hemoglobina, concentraciones séricas de ferritina y PCR. El riesgo de DH y anemia ajustada por confusores fueron evaluados por medio de modelos de regresión logística. Resultados. La prevalencia de anemia fue 13.9% (15.2% hombres, 12.8% mujeres) y de DH 4.2%, (4.0% hombres, 4.3% mujeres). La mayor prevalencia de ID se encontró en mayores de 80 años (6.9% hombres, 7.0% mujeres). 1.5 de 10 adultos mayores mexicanos con anemia presentaron DH. Conclusión. La prevalencia de anemia continua siendo alta en los adultos mayores, mientras que la prevalencia de DH es baja. Es necesario investigar las causas de anemia en este grupo de edad.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Anemia/epidemiologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Hemoglobinas/análise , Prevalência , Morbidade/tendências , Anemia Ferropriva/etiologia , Anemia Ferropriva/sangue , Anemia Ferropriva/epidemiologia , Ferritinas/sangue , Anemia/sangue , Ferro/sangue , México/epidemiologia
8.
Salud pública Méx ; 57(5): 372-384, sep.-oct. 2015. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-764735

RESUMO

Objective. To describe the frequency of anemia, iron, vitamin B12, folate, retinol and predictors of anemia among Mexican children from Ensanut 2012. Materials and methods. Hemoglobin, ferritin, CRP, vitamin B12, retinol and folate concentrations were measured in 2 678 children aged 1-4 y and 4 275 children aged 5-11 y. Adjusted logistic regression models were constructed to assess the risk for anemia and micronutrient deficiencies. Results. In preschoolers and scholars, the overall prevalence of anemia was 20.4 and 9.7%, iron deficiency 14 and 9.3%, low vitamin B12 (LB12S) 1.9 and 2.6%; Folate 0.30 and 0%, and retinol depletion (VADp) 15.7 and 2.3%, respectively. ID and VADp were negatively associated with Hb (coefficient: -0.38 and -0.45, p<0.05); a higher log-CRP was associated with higher risk for anemia and VADp (OR=1.13 and OR=2.1, p<0.05, respectively). Conclusions. Iron deficiency, anemia and VADp are some of the main nutritional problems among Mexican infants.


Objetivo. Describir la frecuencia de anemia, deficiencia de hierro, vitamina B12, folato, retinol y predictores de la anemia en niños mexicanos de la Ensanut 2012. Material y métodos. Se midieron las concentraciones de hemoglobina, ferritina, PCR, vitamina B12, retinol y folato en 2 678 niños de 1-4 años y 4 275 niños de 5-11 años. Se construyeron modelos de regresión logística para evaluar el riesgo de anemia y deficiencias de micronutrientes. Resultados. La prevalencia de anemia en preescolares y escolares fue 20.4 y 9.7%; deficiencia de hierro (DH) 14 y 9.3%; baja concentración de vitamina B12 (BCB12) 1.9 y 2.6%; folato 0.30 y 0%, y depleción de vitamina A (DpVA), 15.7 y 2.3%, respectivamente. La DH y DpVA se asociaron negativamente con la Hb (coeficiente: -0.38 y -0.45, p<0.05); a mayor log-PCR, mayor riesgo de anemia y DpVA (OR=1.13 y OR=2.1, p<0.05, respectivamente). Conclusiones. DH, anemia y DpVA son algunos de los principales problemas de nutrición en niños mexicanos.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Deficiência de Vitamina A , Deficiência de Vitamina B 12/epidemiologia , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Deficiência de Ácido Fólico/epidemiologia , Anemia/epidemiologia , México/epidemiologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Risco , Prevalência , Ferritinas/sangue , Ácido Fólico/sangue , Anemia/etiologia , Ferro/sangue
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